משתמש:Doronve/ארגז חול

מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית

תבנית:מחבר


הארווי לורנס פיקאר (8 באוקטובר, 1939 - 12 ביולי, 2010) היה אמן קומיקס אמריקאי ומבקר מוזיקה שהתפרס בעיקר בסדרת הקומיקס האוטוביוגרפית אמריקן ספלנדור. פיקאר תאר את אמריקו ספלנדור כ-"אוטוביוגרפיה הנכתבת תוך כדי התרחשותה. הנושא הוא פשוט הישרדות. למצוא עבודה, למצוא בת זוג, למצוא מקום מגורים ומקום ליצור בו. החיים הם מלחמת התשה. אתה חייב להישאר פעיל בכל החזיתות. דבר מוליך למשנהו. ניסיתי לשלוט בעולם כאוטי וזה מאבק אבוד מראש. אך איני יכול לוותר. ניסיתי ולא הצלחתי."[1]

חייו המוקדמים[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

הארווי פיקאר ואחיו הצעיר אלן נולדו בקליבלנד, אוהיו לסול ודורה פיקאר, יוצאי ביאליסטוק, פולין. סול פיקאר היה חוקר תלמוד ובבעלותו היתה חנות מכולת על שדרות קינסמן, עם דירת מגורים למשפחה מעל החנות. כילד, שפת האם של הארווי הייתה יידיש, והוא למד לקרוא ולהעריך רומנים בשפה זו.[2]

הארווי הוא בוגר תיכון שייקר הייטס מ-1957, משם המשיך לאוניברסיטת קייס ווסטרן ריזרב (Case Western Reserve University), אך נשר מלימודיו אחרי שנה. לאחר מכן שירת בחיל הים, ואחרי השחרור חזר לקליבלנד, שם הוא עבד בעבודות מזדמנות עד שנשכר כפקיד בבית חולים. הוא החזיק בעבודתו גם לאחר שהתפרסם עד לפרישתו ב-2001.[3]

Career[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

American Splendor[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

Pekar's friendship with Robert Crumb led to the creation of the self-published, autobiographical comic book series American Splendor. Crumb and Pekar became friends through their mutual love of jazz records[4] when Crumb was living in Cleveland in the mid-1960s. Crumb's work in underground comics led Pekar to see the form's possibilities, saying, "Comics could do anything that film could do. And I wanted in on it."[5] It took Pekar a decade to do so: "I theorized for maybe ten years about doing comics."[6] Pekar laid out some stories with crude stick figures and showed them to Crumb and another artist, Robert Armstrong. Impressed, they both offered to illustrate, and soon Pekar's story "Crazy Ed" appeared in Crumb's The People's Comics, and Crumb became the first artist to illustrate American Splendor. The comic documents daily life in the aging neighborhoods of Pekar's native Cleveland. The first issue of American Splendor appeared in 1976.

Pekar's most well-known and longest-running collaborators include Crumb, Gary Dumm, Greg Budgett, Spain Rodriguez, Joe Zabel, Gerry Shamray, Frank Stack, Mark Zingarelli, and Joe Sacco. In the 2000s, he teamed regularly with artists Dean Haspiel and Josh Neufeld. Other cartoonists who worked with him include Jim Woodring, Chester Brown, Alison Bechdel, Gilbert Hernandez, Eddie Campbell, David Collier, Drew Friedman, Ho Che Anderson, Rick Geary, Ed Piskor, Hunt Emerson, Bob Fingerman, Brian Bram, and Alex Wald; as well as such non-traditional illustrators as Pekar's wife, Joyce Brabner, and comics writer Alan Moore.

Stories from the American Splendor comics have been collected in many books and anthologies.

American Splendor film[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

A film adaptation of American Splendor was released in 2003, directed by Robert Pulcini and Shari Springer Berman.[7] It featured Paul Giamatti as Pekar, as well as appearances by Pekar himself. Pekar wrote about the effects of the film in American Splendor: Our Movie Year.

In 2006, Pekar released a four-issue American Splendor miniseries through the DC Comics imprint Vertigo.[8] This was collected in the American Splendor: Another Day paperback. In 2008 Vertigo released a second "season" of American Splendor that was collected in the American Splendor: Another Dollar paperback.

In addition to his autobiographical work on American Splendor, Pekar wrote a number of biographies. The first of these, American Splendor: Unsung Hero (2003), documented the Vietnam War experience of Robert McNeill, one of Pekar's African-American coworkers at Cleveland's VA hospital.

Other comics work[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

On October 5, 2005, the DC Comics imprint Vertigo released Pekar's autobiographical hardcover The Quitter, with artwork by Dean Haspiel. The book detailed Pekar's early years.

In 2006, Pekar released another biography for Ballantine/Random House, Ego & Hubris: The Michael Malice Story, about the life of Michael Malice, who was the founding editor of OverheardinNewYork.com[9]

Pekar was the first guest editor for the collection The Best American Comics 2006 published by Houghton Mifflin, the first comics collection in the "Best American series" series.

In June 2007, Pekar collaborated with student Heather Roberson and artist Ed Piskor on the book Macedonia, which centers around Roberson's studies in the country.[10][11]

January 2008 saw another biographical work from Pekar, Students for a Democratic Society: A Graphic History, released through Hill & Wang.

In March 2009, Pekar released The Beats, a history of the Beat Generation, including Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, illustrated by Ed Piskor.[12] In May 2009 he released Studs Terkel's Working: A Graphic Adaptation.

In 2010, Pekar launched a webcomic with the online magazine Smith, titled The Pekar Project.[13]

Theater, music and media appearances[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

In the late 1980s, Pekar's comic book success led to eight guest appearances on Late Night with David Letterman. His confrontational style and overt on-air criticism of General Electric (which owned NBC) led to the show banning him as a guest until the early 1990s.

Pekar was a prolific record collector as well as a freelance book and jazz critic, focusing on significant figures from jazz's golden age but also championing out-of-mainstream artists such as Birth, Scott Fields, Fred Frith and Joe Maneri. Pekar won awards for his essays broadcast on public radio. He appeared in Alan Zweig's 2000 documentary film about record collecting, Vinyl.[14] In August 2007, Pekar was featured on the Cleveland episode of Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations with host Anthony Bourdain.[15]

While American Splendor theater adaptations have occurred before,[16] in 2009, Pekar made his theatrical debut with Leave Me Alone!, a jazz opera for which Pekar wrote the libretto. Leave Me Alone! featured music by Dan Plonsey and premiered at Oberlin College on January 31, 2009.[17]

In 2009, Pekar was featured in The Cartoonist, a documentary film on the life and work of Jeff Smith, creator of Bone.[18]

Personal life[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

תבנית:Unreferenced section Pekar was married from 1960 to 1972 to his first wife, Karen Delaney. His second wife was Helen Lark Hall. Pekar's third wife was writer Joyce Brabner, with whom he collaborated on Our Cancer Year, a graphic novel autobiography of his harrowing yet successful treatment for lymphoma. He lived in Cleveland Heights, Ohio with Brabner and their foster daughter Danielle.

Death[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

Shortly before 1 am on July 12, 2010, Pekar's wife found him dead in his Cleveland Heights, Ohio, home.[19] No immediate cause was determined. Pekar had been diagnosed with cancer for the third time in his life and was about to undergo treatment.[19][20] In October 2010, it was determined that Pekar's cause of death was an accidental overdose of antidepressants fluoxetine and bupropion.[21] Pekar was cremated and buried in Lake View Cemetery, next to Eliot Ness.[22]

Posthumous work[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

According to a September 2010 New York Times article, many Pekar works are planned to be released posthumously:[22]

  • Harvey Pekar’s Cleveland – A graphic history of the city of Cleveland, Ohio and Pekar's upbringing there. Illustrated by Joseph Remnant (Zip Comics).
  • Huntington, West Virginia, "On the Fly" – Stories of Pekar promoting the 2003 American Splendor film (Random House).
  • Harvey and Joyce’s Big Book of Marriage – Co-authored by Joyce Brabner (Random House)
  • Not the Israel My Parents Promised Me – Pekar's thoughts on Zionism and Israel. Illustrated by JT Waldman (Farrar, Straus & Giroux)

Awards[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

Bibliography[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

קובץ:HPekar.jpg
Harvey Pekar and Joyce Brabner at Hallwalls, Buffalo, New York (October 4, 1985)
  • American Splendor: The Life and Times of Harvey Pekar (Doubleday, 1986)
  • More American Splendor (Doubleday, 1987) ISBN 0-385-24073-2
  • The New American Splendor Anthology (Four Walls Eight Windows, 1991) ISBN 0-941423-64-6
  • Our Cancer Year, with Joyce Brabner and Frank Stack (Four Walls Eight Windows, 1994) ISBN 1-56858-011-8
  • American Splendor Presents: Bob & Harv's Comics, with R. Crumb (Four Walls Eight Windows, 1996) ISBN 1-56858-101-7
  • American Splendor: Unsung Hero, with David Collier (Dark Horse, 2003) ISBN 1-59307-040-3
  • American Splendor: Our Movie Year (Ballantine Books, 2004) ISBN 0-345-47937-8
  • Best of American Splendor (Ballantine Books, 2005) ISBN 0-345-47938-6
  • The Quitter, with Dean Haspiel (DC/Vertigo, 2005) ISBN 1-4012-0399-X
  • Ego & Hubris: The Michael Malice Story, with Gary Dumm (Ballantine Books, 2006) ISBN 0-345-47939-4
  • Macedonia, with Heather Roberson and Ed Piskor (Ballantine Books, 2006) ISBN 0-345-49899-2
  • American Splendor: Another Day (DC/Vertigo, 2007) ISBN 978-1-4012-1235-3
  • Students for a Democratic Society: A Graphic History (Hill and Wang, 2008) ISBN 978-0-8090-9539-1
  • American Splendor: Another Dollar (2009) ISBN 978-1-4012-2173-7
  • The Beats (2009) ISBN 978-0-285-63858-7
  • Studs Terkel's Working: A Graphic Adaptation (2009) ISBN 978-1-59558-321-5
  • Circus Parade by Jim Tully. Foreword by Harvey Pekar. Introduction by Paul J. Bauer and Mark Dawidziak. (Kent State Univ. Press, 2009) 978-1-60635-001-0
  • Huntington, West Virginia "On the Fly" (2011) ISBN 978-0-345-49941-7
  • Yiddishkeit: Jewish Vernacular and the New Land, with Paul Buhle (2011) ISBN 978-0-8109-9749-3

הערות שוליים[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

  1. ^ אתר למנויים בלבד Harvey Pekar (Obituary), The Telegraph, 13 July 2010
  2. ^ Exclusive: A Smorgasbord of Art and Comics Celebrating Harvey Pekar’s Yiddishkeit
  3. ^ Harvey Pekar, Cleveland comic-book legend, dies at age 70
  4. ^ "Who is Harvey Pekar?", WKSU.org
  5. ^ Momo College
  6. ^ "Harvey Pekar", Metajam.mobi
  7. ^ IMDB Movie Page. Retrieved December 28, 2008.
  8. ^ Irvine, Alex (2008). "American Splendor". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The Vertigo Encyclopedia. New York: Dorling Kindersley. p. 21. ISBN 0-7566-4122-5. OCLC 213309015.
  9. ^ "The Voice of the City". Overheard in New York. נבדק ב-אפריל 24, 2012.
  10. ^ "Macedonia – Yahoo! Shopping". Shopping.yahoo.com. נבדק ב-אפריל 24, 2012.
  11. ^ "Sequart Research & Literacy Organization Columns – High-Low #15: Pekar, Piskor and a Preview of Macedonia". Sequart.com. נבדק ב-אפריל 24, 2012.
  12. ^ "Novel Graphics looks at Hoover, Beats, Genetics" San Diego Comicon International v2, July 13, 2006. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
  13. ^ "The Pekar Project". Smithmag.net. נבדק ב-יולי 12, 2010.
  14. ^ "SHOOTING MYSELF IN THE MIRROR: The Obsessive Cinema of Alan Zweig". Winnipeg Film Group. נבדק ב-פברואר 12, 2011.
  15. ^ "Harvey Pekar Meets Anthony Bourdain". Potrzebie.blogspot.com. אוגוסט 18, 2007. נבדק ב-אפריל 24, 2012.
  16. ^ Evan (יולי 14, 2010). "Harvey Pekar: A Timeline of a Comic Book Icon – ComicsAlliance | Comic book culture, news, humor, commentary, and reviews". ComicsAlliance. נבדק ב-אפריל 24, 2012.
  17. ^ Leave Me Alone – About the Opera
  18. ^ "The Cartoonist: Jeff Smith, Bone and the Changing Face of Comics". Thecartoonistmovie.com. נבדק ב-יולי 12, 2010.
  19. ^ 1 2 3 Connors, Joanna. "Cleveland Comic-Book Legend Harvey Pekar Dead at Age 70", The Plain Dealer, July 12, 2010; "He was recently diagnosed with prostate cancer, and also suffered high blood pressure, asthma and clinical depression, which fueled his art but often made his life painful."
  20. ^ William Grimes (יולי 12, 2010). "Harvey Pekar, 'American Splendor' Creator, Dies at 70". New York Times. נבדק ב-ספטמבר 2, 2010. A spokesman for the Cuyahoga County coroner’s office said that no cause of death had yet been determined. Capt. Michael Cannon of the Cleveland Heights Police Department, which was summoned to Mr. Pekar’s home by his wife, Joyce Brabner, told The Associated Press that Mr. Pekar had suffered from prostate cancer, asthma, high blood pressure and depression.
  21. ^ Galbinca, Pat (אוקטובר 20, 2010). "Coroner rules that Harvey Pekar's death due to 'natural causes'". The Plain Dealer. נבדק ב-אוקטובר 20, 2010.
  22. ^ 1 2 Itzkoff, Dave (ספטמבר 1, 2010). "The Unsettled Afterlife of Harvey Pekar". The New York Times.
  23. ^ "The Harvey Awards". The Harvey Awards. נבדק ב-יולי 12, 2010.

קישורים חיצוניים[עריכת קוד מקור | עריכה]

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