כנסיית סנטה מריה דל מאר (ברצלונה)

החזית המערבית

הסבלים של La Ribera, שלקחו חלק בבניין הכנסייה, מתוארים על דלתות הכניסה הראשית

כנסיית סנטה מריה דל מאר ("מריה הקדושה של הים") היא כנסייה גותית בברצלונה, קטלוניה, ספרד. הכנסייה נבנתה בשים 1329-1383, בתור הזהב של קטלוניה בה העיר שגשגה עקב מסחר, בעיקר מסחר ימי. הכנסייה היא דוגמה מצוינת לאדריכלות גותית קטלונית ומצטיינת בטוהר ואחידות סגנונית הנדירים בדרך כלל במבנים מימי הביניים.

History

The first mention of a church of Santa Maria by the sea dates from 998. The construction of the present building was promoted by the canon Bernat Llull, who was appointed archdean of Santa Maria in 1324. Construction work started on 25 March 1329, when the foundation stone was laid by king Alfons the Kind, as commemorated by a tablet in Latin and Catalan on the facade that gives onto Fossar de les Moreres. The architects in charge were Berenguer de Montagut (designer of the building) and Ramón Despuig, and during the construction all the guilds of the Ribera quarter were involved. The walls, the side chapels and the facades were finished by 1350. In 1379 there was a fire that damaged important parts of the works. Finally, on 3 November 1383 the last stone was added and on 15 August the first mass was celebratedתבנית:Fact. In 1428 an earthquake caused several casualties and destroyed the rose window in the west end. The new window, in the Flamboyant style, was finished by 1459 and one year later the glass was added. The images and the Baroque altar were destroyed in a fire in 1936. The chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, adjacent to the apse, was added in the 19th century.

Exterior

From the outside, Santa Maria gives an impression of massive severity that belies the interior. It is hemmed in by the narrow streets of the Ribera, making it difficult to obtain an overall impression, except from the Fossar de les Moreres and the Plaça de Santa Maria, both of them former burial grounds. The latter is dominated by the west end of the church with its rose window. Images of Saint Peter and Saint Paul occupy niches on either side of the west door, and the tympanum shows the Saviour flanked by Our Lady and Saint John.

The north-west tower was completed in 1496, but its companion was not finished until 1902.;

The east end, restored in 1967

Interior

In contrast with the exterior, the interior gives an impression of light and spaciousness. It is of the basilica type, with its three aisles forming a single space with no transepts and no architectural boundary between nave and presbytery. The simple ribbed vault is supported on slender octagonal columns, and abundant daylight streams in through the tall clerestorey windows.

The interior is almost devoid of imagery of the sort to be found in Barcelona's other large Gothic churches, the cathedral and Santa Maria del Pi, after the fire which occurred in 1936 during anticlerical disturbances. Amongst the most notable of the works destroyed at that time was the Baroque retable by Deodat Casanoves and Salvador Gurri.

Some interesting stained-glass windows have survived from various periods.

The west end with its rose window, showing the proportions of the three aisles

Proportions

According to the art historian Josep Bracons, the basic unit of measurement used in Santa Maria del Mar was the mediaeval foot of 33 centimetres. Measured in this way, the side chapels are 10 feet deep, the width of the side aisles is double this, while the central aisle is four times as wide, that is, 40 feet. The total width of the church is thus 100 mediaeval feet, which is also equal to the maximum height of the building.

Santa Maria del Mar in popular culture

The construction of Santa Maria del Mar is the background for the best-selling novel La catedral del mar, by Ildefonso Falcones (Grijalbo, 2006).

External links

• 360º virtual immersive panorama of the cathedral of Santa Maria del Mar
• Photos