קובץ:Victim of Congo atrocities, Congo, ca. 1890-1910 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS10-19).jpg

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תקציר

תיאור
English: Victim of Congo atrocities, Congo, ca. 1890-1910
  • Black and white lantern slide showing a male missionary from the Congo Balolo Mission holding the arm of a Congolese man, Congo Free State (present day Democratic Republic of the Congo).
  • The missionary is probably Mr Wallbaum, who wears a light safari suit and a pith helmet, and the Congolese man wears a loin cloth. The missionary holds up his companion's arm at the elbow, and points to the Congolese man's missing hand.
  • The Congolese man is likely to have been a victim of the "Congo atrocities", punishment, murders and mutilations (particularly amputation of the right hand on living victims or after death) that took place on colonial rubber plantations in the Congo Free State, territory owned by Belgian King Leopold II, who exploited it for its plant and mineral resources. Workers on rubber plantations were paid with worthless goods, and it was in noticing this imbalance of trade that shipping clerk Edmund Morel reported in his columns for The West African Mail, noticing that large numbers of weapons were going into the country to control the rubber workers.
  • An investigation took place in the British Parliament, but missionaries felt that they could do nothing in the face of veiled threats by King Leopold II, on whose territory they were preaching. In 1895, Dr Harry Guinness heard first hand witness accounts of amputations, and became involved in the cause to end the brutality on the plantations, involving himself in the Congo Reform Association in 1904. International intervention forced Leopold II to abdicate in the same year, and although reforms began under his successor, Albert, change in the rubber plantations would not take effect for some time.
  • This slide comes from a collection generated by missionaries working for the Congo Balolo Mission, a mission begun in 1889 under the supervision of the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions that developed into the interdenominational evangelical mission Regions Beyond Missionary Union after 1900.
Photographer: Unknown
Subject (personal name): Wallbaum
Filename: IMP-CSCNWW33-OS10-19.tif
Coverage date: 1890/1910
Subject (unesco): Genocide; Clergy
Part of collection: International Mission Photography Archive, ca.1860-ca.1960
Part of subcollection: Photographs from the Centre for the Study of World Christianity, University of Edinburgh, U.K., ca.1900-ca.1940s
Subject (corporate name): Congo Balolo Mission
Repository name: Centre for the Study of World Christianity
Archival file: Volume2/IMP-CSCNWW33-OS10-19.tif
Repository address: The University of Edinburgh School of Divinity, New College, Mound Place, Edinburgh EH1 2LX, United Kingdom
Geographic subject (country): Congo
Format (aacr2): lantern slides 8.2 x 8.2cm
Geographic subject (continent): Africa
Rights: Contact the repository for details.
Part of series: Regions Beyond Missionary Union. Congo Lantern Slides (CSCNWW33/OS10)
Repository email: divinity-CSWC@ed.ac.uk
Date created: 1890/1910
Publisher (of the digital version): University of Southern California. Libraries
Subject (aat genre): portraits
Format (aat): lantern slides; photographs
Access conditions: http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/divinity/research/centres/world-christianity/collections-resources
Geographic subject: agricultural sites
File: CSCNWW33/OS10/19
Subject (lcsh): Crimes against humanity; Atrocities; Rubber plantations; Missionaries
תאריך יצירה 1890/1910 (date created)
מקור http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll123/id/78038
יוצר לא ידועUnknown author

רישיון

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This UK artistic or literary work, of which the author is unknown and cannot be ascertained by reasonable enquiry, is in the public domain because it is one of the following:
  • A photograph, which has never previously been made available to the public (e.g. by publication or display at an exhibition) and which was taken more than 70 years ago (before 1 January 1954); or
  • A photograph, which was made available to the public (e.g. by publication or display at an exhibition) more than 70 years ago (before 1 January 1954); or
  • An artistic work other than a photograph (e.g. a painting), or a literary work, which was made available to the public (e.g. by publication or display at an exhibition) more than 70 years ago (before 1 January 1954).

Warning sign This tag can be used only when the author cannot be ascertained by reasonable enquiry. If you wish to rely on it, please specify in the image description the research you have carried out to find who the author was. The above is all subject to any overriding publication right which may exist. In practice, publication right will often override the first of the bullet points listed.

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Public domain
יצירה זו נמצאת בנחלת הכלל במדינת המקור ובמדינות אחרות בהם תקופת זכויות היוצרים היא משך חיי היוצר ו-70 שנה (או פחות) מפטירתו.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1929.

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נוכחית02:43, 31 בינואר 2014תמונה ממוזערת לגרסה מ־02:43, 31 בינואר 2014‪3,595 × 3,582‬ (1.1 מ"ב)Fæ== {{int:filedesc}} == {{Information |description={{en|1=<br> :''Victim of Congo atrocities, Congo, ca. 1890-1910 :Black and white lantern slide showing a male missionary from the Congo Balolo Mission holding the arm of a Congolese man. The missionary...

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