משתמש:אלירן/ארגז חול 2

דגל הודו

דגל הודו
יחס מימדים: 2:3

הדגל הלאומי הרשמי של הודו הנוכחי אומץ ב-22 ביולי 1947, כמה ימים לפני שהודו קיבלה את עצמאותה מבריטניה ב-15 באוגוסט 1947. הוא מוצג כדגל הלאומי של הדומיניון ההודי בין ה-15 באוגוסט 1947 ל-26 בינואר 1950 וגם של הרפובליקה ההודית לאחר מכן. בהודו המונח "טריקולור" (בהודית: तिरंगा) מיוחס כמעט תמיד אל הדגל.

הדגל מורכב משלושה צבעים: הצבע העליון הוא "צבע זעפרן עמוק", לבן באמצע, וירוק למטה. במרכזו של הדגל נמצא עיגול בצבע כחול מטאלי, בעל 24 חישורים, הידוע בשמו Ashoka Chakra. קוטרו של העיגול הוא כשלושה רבעים מגובהו של הפס הלבן בדגל, והיחס של רוחב הדגל אל העיגול הוא 2:3.

עיצוב

הצבע	HTML	CMYK	טקסטואלי	פנטון
זעפרן	#FF9933	0-50-90-0	זעפרן	1495c
לבן	#FFFFFF	0-0-0-0	אפור קר	1c
ירוק	#138808	100-0-70-30	ירוק הודי	362c
כחול	#000080	100-98-26-48	כחול ים	2755c

סמליות

ה"אשוקה צ'קרה" ("גלגל החוק") "גלגל היושר" (דהרמה)

כמה ימים לפני שהפכה הודו לעצמאית באוגוסט 1947, החליט בית המחוקקים הרשמי כי דגל הודו יהיה חייב להיות מוסכם בין הציבור ובין כל המפלגות. ואז נבחר הדגל בעל שלושת הצבעים: צבע זעפרן, ירוק ולבן עם ה"אשוקה צ'קרה" באמצעו. ואז סרוופאלי רדהאקרישנן (Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan) שהפך מאוחר יותר לסגן הנשיא הראשון של הודו העצמאית, הסביר את אימוצו של הדגל החדש ותיאר את חשיבותו ומשמעותו:

"בהגווה" או צבע הזעפרן מציין ויתור או חוסר עניין בכוח. מנהיגינו חייב להיות שווה-נפש ליתרונו על-פני אחרים ולהקדיש את עבודתו אליהם. הלבן באמצע מסמל אור, נתיב האמת. כדי להנחות את דרך ניהולינו. הירוק מראה על קירבתינו לאדמה, קירבתינו לעולם הצומח כאן, on which all other life depends. ה"אשוקה צ'קרה" באמצע הפס הלבן הוא הגלגל של החוק של דהרמה. אמת או "סטיה", דהרמה או virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag שוב, הגלגל מסמל תנועה. יש מוות באי-ניע, יש חיים בתזוזה. להודו כדאי לא לוותר על שינוי, היא צריכה לנוע וללכת קדימה. הגלגל מסמל את הדינמיות של שינוי לשוחרת השלום.

— סרוופאלי רדהאקרישנן

Bhagwa or the saffron colour denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma. Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful change

— Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

A widely held unofficial interpretation is that the saffron stands for purity and spirituality, white for peace and truth, green for fertility and prosperity and the wheel for justice

היסטוריה

דגל הודו בזמן השלטון הבריטי

British Indian Blue Ensign with the Star of India. Used as the naval flag.

The Calcutta Flag

The Berlin committee flag, first raised by Bhikaiji Cama in 1907

The flag used during the Home Rule movement in 1917

The flag unofficially adopted in 1921.

The proposed saffron flag with the brown chakra in 1931.

The flag adopted in 1931. This flag was also the battle ensign of the Indian National Army

The flag of Azad Hind, raised first for the Free India Legion in Nazi Germany.

At the beginning of the 20th century, as the Indian independence movement seeking freedom from British colonial rule gained ground, the need was felt for a national flag that would serve as a powerful symbol of these aspirations. In 1904, Sister Nivedita, an Irish disciple of Swami Vivekananda, came up with the first flag of India, later referred to as Sister Nivedita's Flag. It was a red square-shaped flag with a yellow inset; it depicted a "Vajra Chinha" (thunderbolt) with a white lotus alongside it in the centre. The words "বন্দে মাতরম" (Bônde Matorom meaning "Mother[land], I bow to thee!") were inscribed on the flag in Bengali. The red colour signified the freedom struggle, yellow signified victory, and the white lotus signified purity

The first tricolour was unfurled on 1906-08-07, during a protest rally against the Partition of Bengal, by Schindra Prasad Bose in Parsi Bagan Square in Calcutta. This flag came to be known as the Calcutta Flag. The flag had three horizontal bands of equal width with the top being orange, the centre yellow and the bottom green in colour. It had eight half-opened lotus flowers on the top stripe, and a picture of the sun and a crescent moon on the bottom stripe. The words Vande Mataram were inscribed in the centre in the Devanagari script

On 1907-08-22, Bhikaiji Cama unfurled another tricolour flag in Stuttgart, Germany. This flag had green at the top, saffron in the centre and red at the bottom, the green standing for Islam and the saffron for both Hinduism and Buddhism. The flag had eight lotuses in a line on the green band representing the eight provinces of British India. The words Vande Mataram, in the Devanagari script, were inscribed on the central band. On the lowest band, towards the hoist of the flag was a crescent, and towards the fly a sun. The flag was jointly designed by Bhikaiji Cama, Veer Savarkar and Shyamji Krishna Varma. After the outbreak of World War I, this flag became known as the Berlin Committee Flag after it was adopted by the Indian Revolutionaries at the Berlin Committee. This flag was actively used in Mesopotamia during the First World War. The Ghadar Party flag was also used in the United States as a symbol for India for a short period of time.

The Home Rule Movement formed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant in 1917 adopted a new flag, one which featured five red and four green horizontal stripes. On the upper left quadrant was the Union Flag which signified the Dominion status that the movement sought to achieve. A crescent and a star, both in white, are set in top fly. Seven white stars are arranged as in the Saptarishi constellation (the constellation Ursa Major), which is sacred to Hindus. This flag could not become popular among the masses

A year earlier in 1916, Pingali Venkayya, from Machilipatnam in present-day Andhra Pradesh tried to devise a common national flag. His endeavours were noticed by Umar Sobani and SB Bomanji, who together formed the Indian National Flag Mission. When Venkayya sought Mahatma Gandhi's approval for the flag, the Mahatma suggested the incorporation of the "Charkha" or spinning wheel on the flag, symbolising "the embodiment of India and the redemption of all its ills". The humble spinning-wheel had become a hallowed symbol of the economic regeneration of India under the Mahatma's championship. Pingali Venkayya came up with a flag with the charkha on a red and green background. However, Mahatma Gandhi found that the flag did not represent all the religions of India

To address Mahatma Gandhi's concerns, another new flag was indeed designed. This tricolour featured white on top, green in the centre and red at the bottom, symbolising the minority religions, Muslims and Hindus respectively, with a "Charkha" drawn across all three bands. Parallels were drawn with the fact that it closely resembled the Flag of Ireland, symbol of the other major freedom struggle against the British Empire. This flag was first unfurled at the congress party meeting in Ahmedabad. Although this flag was not adopted as the official flag of the Indian National Congress party, it was nevertheless widely used during the freedom movement.

However, there were many who were not satisfied with the communal interpretation of the flag. The All India Sanskrit Congress that convened in Calcutta in 1924 suggested the inclusion of saffron or ochre and the "gadha" (mace) of Vishnu as the symbol of the Hindus. Later that year, it was suggested that geru (an earthy-red colour) "typified the spirit of renunciation and symbolised an ideal common to the Hindu yogis and sanyasis as well as the Muslim fakirs and darveshes." The Sikhs also stepped up the demand to either include a yellow colour that would represent them, or abandon religious symbolism altogether.

In light of these developments, the Congress Working Committee appointed a seven member Flag Committee on 1931-04-02 to sort out these issues. A resolution was passed noting that "objection has been taken to the three colours in the flag on the ground that they are conceived on the communal basis." The unlikely result of these confabulations was a flag featuring just one colour, ochre, and a "Charkha" at upper hoist. Though recommended by the flag committee, the INC did not adopt this flag, as it seemed to project a communalistic ideology.

Later, the final resolution on a flag was passed when the Congress committee met at Karachi in 1931. The tricolour flag then adopted was designed by Pingali Venkayya. It featured three horizontal strips of saffron, white and green, with a "Charkha" in the centre. The colours were interpreted thus: saffron for courage; white for truth and peace; green for faith and prosperity. The "Charkha" symbolised the economic regeneration of India and the industriousness of its people

At the same time a variant of the flag was being used by the Indian National Army that included the words "Azad Hind" with a springing tiger in lieu of the "Charkha" signifying Subhash Chandra Bose's armed struggle as opposed to Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence. This tricolour was hoisted for the first time on Indian soil in Manipur by Subhash Chandra Bose.

A few days before India gained its freedom in August 1947, the Constituent Assembly was formed to discuss the flag of the India. They set up an ad hoc committee headed by Rajendra Prasad and consisting of Abul Kalam Azad, Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari, KM Munshi and B.R. Ambedkar as its members. The Flag Committee was constituted on 1947-06-23 and it began deliberations on the issue. After three weeks they came to a decision on 14 July 1947, being that the flag of the Indian National Congress should be adopted as the National Flag of India with suitable modifications, to make it acceptable to all parties and communities. It was further resolved that the flag should not have any communal undertones. The "Dharma Chakra" which appears on the abacus of Sarnath was adopted in the place of the "Charkha". The flag was unfurled for the first time as that of an independent country on 15 August 1947

ייצור הדגל

מידות הדגל

גודל	מ"מ
1	6300 × 4200
2	3600 × 2400
3	2700 × 1800
4	1800 × 1200
5	1350 × 900
6	900 × 600
7	450 × 300
8	225 × 150
9	150 × 100

תקנון תצוגת הדגל

Prior to 2002, the general public of India could not fly their national flag publicly except on designated national holidays. Only government offices and higher functionaries of the government could do so. An industrialist by name Naveen Jindal filed a Public interest petition in the Delhi High Court, seeking the striking down of this restriction. Jindal apparently flew the flag atop his office building, but as this was against the National flag code, the flag was confiscated and he was informed that he was liable to be prosecuted. Jindal argued that hoisting the National flag with due decorum and honour was his right as a citizen, and a way of expressing his love for India. The case moved to the Supreme Court of India, which asked the Government of India to set up a committee to consider the matter. The Union Cabinet amended the Indian flag code with effect from 26 January 2002, allowing the general public to hoist the flag on all days of the year, provided they safeguarded the dignity, honour and respect of the flag.

In the case of Union of India v. Yashwant Sharma it was held that though the Flag Code is not a statute, restrictions under the Code need to be followed to preserve the dignity of the National Flag. The right to fly the National Flag is not an absolute right but a qualified right and should be read having regard to Article 51A of the Constitution.

חוקי הודו אומרים כי יש לייחס לדגל כל הזמן "אצילות, נאמנות וכבוד". "תקנון השימוש בדגל הודו - 2002" שמילא את מקומו של "חוק הסמלים והשמות, 1950" מפקח על הצגתו ושימושו של הדגל. נושא המשרה הציבורית לכללי השימוש בדגל הצהיר שלדגל אסור אף-פעם לנגוע באדמה או במים בעת תצוגה רשמית, אלא אם כן הם מכוסים בצורה כלשהי, למשל כיסוי האדמה במפת-שולחן. עד שנת 2005, הדגל גם לא יכול היה לעטות על עצמו בדים מסוגים שונים, כגון ניילונים, ציפיות, מטפחות וכדומה. אך ב-5 ביולי 2005, ממשלת הודו תיקנה במידת-מה את החוק כך שיהיה אפשר לעטות על הדגל בדים מסוגים שונים, כל עוד הם לא נראים לעין. היא גם אסרה על האפשרות לקשט את הדגל בכל צורה שהיא.

The flag may not be intentionally placed upside down, dipped in anything, or hold any objects other than flower petals before unfurling. No sort of lettering may be inscribed on the flag

החזקת הדגל

ישנם מספר דרכים מסורתיות לכבד את הדגל בזמן שימוש או החזקה בו. When out in the open הדגל תמיד צריך להיות מונף בעת הזריחה ומורד בזמן השקיעה, תוך התעלמות מתנאי מזג האוויר. במצבים מיוחדים יוכל גם הדגל להיות מונף על בניין ציבורי בלילה.

The flag should never be depicted, displayed or flown upside down. Tradition also states that when draped vertically, the flag should not merely be rotated through 90 degrees, but also reversed. One "reads" a flag like the pages of a book, from top to bottom and from left to right, and after rotation the results should be the same. It is also insulting to display the flag in a frayed or dirty state. The same rule applies to the flagpoles and halyards used to hoist the flag, which should always be in a proper state of maintenance

תצוגה רצויה

The rules regarding the correct methods to display the flag state, that when two flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind a podium, their hoists should be towards each other with the saffron stripes uppermost. If the flag is displayed on a short flagpole, this should be mounted at an angle to the wall with the flag draped tastefully from it. If two national flags are displayed on crossed staffs, the hoists must be towards each other and the flags must be fully spread out. The flag should never be used as a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings, or be draped from railings

תצוגה עם דגלים של מדינות אחרות

When the National Flag is flown outdoors in company with the national flags of other countries, there are several rules that govern the ways in which the flag must be flown, specifically that it must always occupy the position of honour. This means it must be the flag furthest to the right (observers' left) of all the flags on display, with the flags of other countries being arranged alphabetically according to the Latin alphabet. All the flags should be approximately the same size, with no flag being larger than the Indian flag. Each country's flag should be on a separate pole, with no national flag being flown on top of another from the same pole.

It would be permissible in such a case to begin and also to end the row of flags with the Indian flag and also include it in the normal country wise alphabetical order. In case flags are to be flown in a closed circle, the national flag shall mark the beginning of the circle and the flags of other countries should proceed in a clockwise manner until the last flag is placed next to the national flag. The National flag of India must always be hoisted first and lowered last.

When the flag is displayed on crossed poles, the Indian flag's pole should be in front and the flag to the right (observers' left) of the other flag. When the United Nations flag is flown along with the Indian flag, it can be displayed on either side of it. The general practice is to fly the flag on the extreme right with reference to the direction which it is facing

תצוגה עם מדינות לא לאומיות

When the flag is displayed with other flags that are not national flags, such as corporate flags and advertising banners, the rules state that if the flags are on separate staffs, the flag of India should be in the middle, or the furthest left from the viewpoint of the onlookers, or at least one flag's breadth higher than the other flags in the group. Its flagpole must be in front of the other poles in the group, but if they are on the same staff, it must be the uppermost flag. If the flag is carried in procession with other flags, it must be at the head of the marching procession, or if carried with a row of flags in line abreast, it must be carried to the marching right of the procession

תצוגה במקום סגור

Whenever the flag is displayed indoors in the halls at public meetings or gatherings of any kind, it should always be on the right (observers' left), as this is the position of authority. So when the flag is displayed next to a speaker in the hall or other meeting place, it must be placed on the speaker's right hand. When it is displayed elsewhere in the hall, it should be to the right of the audience

The flag should be displayed completely spread out with the saffron stripe on top. If hung vertically on the wall behind the podium, the saffron stripe should be to the left of the onlookers facing the flag with the hoist cord at the top

תצוגה בתהלוכות וטקסים

The flag, when carried in a procession or parade or with another flag or flags, should be on the marching right or alone in the centre at the front. The flag may form a distinctive feature of the unveiling of a statue, monument, or plaque, but should never be used as the covering for the object. As a mark of respect to the flag, it should never be dipped to a person or thing. Regimental colours, organisational or institutional flags may be dipped as a mark of honour

During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag, or when the flag is passing in a parade or in a review, all persons present should face the flag and stand at attention. Those present in uniform should render the appropriate salute. When the flag is in a moving column, persons present will stand at attention or salute as the flag passes them. A dignitary may take the salute without a head dress. The flag salutation should be followed by the playing of the national anthem

תצוגה בכלי רכב

The privilege of flying the national flag on a vehicle is restricted to the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Governors and Lt. Governors, Chief Ministers, Cabinet Ministers and Junior Cabinet members of the Indian Parliament and state legislatures, Speakers of the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies, Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha and state legislative councils, judges of the Supreme Court of India and High Courts, and high ranking officers of the army, navy and air force.

They may fly the flag on their cars, whenever they consider it necessary or advisable. The flag shall be flown from a staff, which should be affixed firmly either on the middle front of the bonnet or to the front right side of the car. When a foreign dignitary travels in a car provided by government, the flag should be flown on the right side of the car and the flag of the foreign country should be flown on the left side of the car.

The flag should be flown on the aircraft carrying the President, the Vice-President or the Prime Minister on a visit to a foreign country. Alongside the National Flag, the flag of the country visited should also be flown but, when the aircraft lands in countries en route, the national flags of the countries touched would be flown instead, as a gesture of courtesy and goodwill. When the President goes on tour within India, the flag should be displayed on the side by which the President will embark the aircraft or disembark from it. When the President travels by special train within the country, the flag should be flown from the driver’s cab on the side facing the platform of the station from where the train departs. The flag should be flown only when the special train is stationary or when coming into the station where it is going to halt

תצוגה על חצי תורן

דגלי ישראל על חצי תורן

The flag should be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning only on instructions from the president, who will also give a date ending the mourning period. When the flag is to be flown at half mast, it must first be raised to the top of the mast and then slowly lowered to half mast. Before being lowered at sunset or at the appropriate time, the flag is first raised to the top of the pole and then lowered. Only the Indian flag is flown half mast; all other flags remain at normal height.

The flag is flown at half-mast for the death of the President, Vice-President and Prime Minister all over India. For the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Chief Justice of The Supreme Court of India, it is flown in Delhi and for a Union Cabinet Minister it is flown in Delhi and the state capitals. For Minister of State, it is flown only in Delhi. For a Governor, Lt. Governor and Chief Minister of a state or union territory it is flown in the concerned state.

If the intimation of the death of any dignitary is received in the afternoon, the flag shall be flown at half-mast on the following day also at the place or places indicated above, provided the funeral has not taken place before sun-rise on that day. On the day of the funeral of a dignitary mentioned above, the flag shall be flown at half-mast at the place of the funeral.

In the event of a half-mast day coinciding with the Republic Day, Independence Day, Mahatma Gandhi's birthday, National Week (6th to 13th April), any other particular day of national rejoicing as may be specified by the Government of India or in the case of a state, on the anniversary of formation of that state, flags are not permitted to be flown at half-mast except over the building where the body of the deceased is lying until such time it has been removed and that flag shall be raised to the full-mast position after the body has been removed.

Observances of State mourning on the death of foreign dignitaries are governed by special instructions issued from the Ministry of Home Affairs (Home Ministry) in individual cases. However, in the event of death of either the Head of the State or Head of the Government of a foreign country, the Indian Mission accredited to that country may fly the national flag on the above mentioned days.

On occasions of state, military, central para-military forces funerals, the flag shall be draped over the bier or coffin with the saffron towards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag shall not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre

קישורים חיצוניים

הודו, באתר דגלי העולם (באנגלית)

• הורידו תמונות של דגל הודו מהאתר הרשמי של ממשלת הודו
• האשוקה צ'קרה (באנגלית)

פייסבוק

פייסבוק
סוג:	רשת חברתית
מייסד:	מארק צוקרברג
הוקם:	4 בפברואר 2004
שפת שימוש:	אנגלית
הון:	100,000,000$ (נכון ל-2006)
	אתר אינטרנט

פייסבוק הוא אתר אינטרנט אמריקני, הפועל כרשת חברתית. האתר הוקם על-ידי מארק צוקרברג, סטודנט לשעבר באוניברסיטת הרווארד, ב-4 בפברואר 2004.

בתחילת דרכו של האתר, מספר המנויים בו היה מוגבל לסטודנטים שלמדו באוניברסיטת הרווארד בלבד. אך לאחר מכן הגבלת המנויים התרחבה גם לסטודנטים שלמדו במכון מסצ'וסטס לטכנולוגיה, באוניברסיטת בוסטון, ולאחר מכן לכל האוניברסיטאות של "ליגת הקיסוס", וכל זאת נעשה בשני חודשים. שנה לאחר מכן, בקצב מהיר מאוד, המון אוניברסיטאות שפעלו באופן פרטי הצטרפו אל הפייסבוק ואיפשרו לסטודנטים שלהם ליצור שם מנוי. Eventually, people with a university (e.g .edu, .ac.uk, etc.) email address from institutions across the globe were eligible to join. Networks were then initiated for high schools on February 27, 2006 and some large companies. מאז ה-11 בספטמבר 2006, כל אחד שהיה מעל גיל 13 יכל להירשם כחבר בפייסבוק. Users can select to join one or more participating networks, such as a school, place of employment, geographic region, or social group.

בשלהי שנת 2006 לאתר הצטברו כקרוב ל-62 מיליון משתמשים פעילים (כולל אלו שלא השתמשו בפייסבוק במסגרת לימודית) ברחבי העולם. מספטמבר 2006 לספטמבר 2007, כמות הודעות ההתכתבות בפייסבוק, גדלה מהמקום ה-60 ברשת העולמית, למקום ה-7; בנוסף זכה האתר לשיא עולמי, כפופולרי ביותר להעלאת תמונות ברשת, עם שיא של 14 מיליון תמונות ביום לממוצע.

שמו של האתר מיוחס to the paper facebooks depicting members of the campus community that some U.S. colleges and preparatory schools give to incoming students, faculty, and staff as a way to get to know other people on campus.

היסטוריה

מארק צוקרברג בתמונה הלקוחה מהפרופיל שלו בפייסבוק

2004

מארק אליוט צוקרברג הקים את פייסבוק ב-4 בפברואר 2004, בזמן שהיה סטודנט באוניברסיטת הארוורד, בעזרתו של אנדרי מקולום ואדוארד סבארין. בסוף אותו חודש, יותר מחצי מהסטודנטים ללימודי הסמכה באוניברסיטת הארוורד יצרו חשבון משתמש בפייסבוק. באותו הזמן, צוקרברג was joined by Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes for site promotion and Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale. התפשטות הפייסבוק המשיכה באפריל 2004 כאשר פייסבוק התרחב לכל "ליגת הקיסוס", ולעוד כמה בתי ספר. בסוף שנת הלימודים באותה שנה, צוקרברג ומוסקוביץ' עברו דירה לפאלו אלטו שבקליפורניה, יחד עם מקולום, שהיה בתקופת התמחות at Electronic Arts. שלושתם שכרו דירה ליד אוניברסיטת סטנפורד, אליה נרשמו. ולאחר זמן קצר, החליט מקולום לעזוב את לימודיו בתחום ה-Electric Arts והחל לעזור בפיתוח הפייסבוק ואתר דומה בשם ווירהוג. בספטמבר 2004, דיוויה נרדנה, קמרון ווינקלווס וטיילר ווינקלווס, הבעלים של the social networking website HarvardConnection, subsequently changed to ConnectU, הגישו באופן רשמי תביעה משפטית נגד פייסבוק, בטענה שצוקרברג השתמש בקוד מקור באופן לא חוקי לאתר שהם ביקשו ממנו לבנות (הערת שוליים). כשבאותו הזמן, פייסבוק קיבל בערך 500,000 דולר from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel in an angel round. ובדצמבר 2004, מספר המשתמשים בפייסבוק הגיע למיליון.

2005

במאי 2005, פייסבוק הגיע ל-12.8 מיליון דולר in venture capital from Accel Partners. ב-23 באוגוסט באותה שנה, נאתר קנה את שם התחום facebook.com מתאגיד "Aboutface" תמורת 200,000 דולר, והשמיטו את ה"א הידיעה משמם (השם "הפייסבוק" הוחלף ב"פייסבוק"). באותו הזמן, האתר עבר שיפוצים, ואטרקציה משמעותית שנוספה לו היא האפשרות ליצור פרופילים אישיים. Also that month McCollum went back to Harvard although he continued to serve as a consultant and returned to work on staff during the summers. As before, היוז נשאר בקיימברידג', בזמן ששילם את חובות הענק שלו לדובר החברה. באותו זמן, ב-2 בספטמבר 2005, צוקרברג הפיץ את הפייסבוק גם לבתי הספר התיכוניים, calling it the next logical thing to do. While initially described as separate "communities" to which users needed to be invited to participate, בתוך כ-50 ימים בסך-הכל, רוב רשתות בתי הספר התיכוניים לא נדרשו לקבל סיסמה כדי להצטרף אל הפייסבוק (אף על פי שההרשמה נשארה דבר הכרחי). קצת לפני נובמבר באותה שנה, מגפת הפייסבוק חילחלה עד לאוניברסיטאות הכי קטנות, ולבתי ספר יסודיים. בין המדינות המשתתפות היו; ארצות הברית, קנדה, אירלנד, 21 אוניברסיטאות בבריטניה, כולל את אוניברסיטת ITESM, אוניברסיטה בכירה ביותר במדינה. במקסיקו, השתתפה במיזם אוניברסיטת פורטו ריקו, וכל האוניברסיטאות המצויות באיי הבתולים. ב-11 בדצמבר 2005, הצטרפו גם אוניברסיטאות מאוסטרליה וניו זילנד לרשת הפייסבוק, והפכו את מספר האוניברסיטאות המשתתפות בפייסבוק ל-2,000 ואת מספר בתי הספר המשתתפים בפייסבוק ליותר מ-25,000.

2006

On February 27 2006, Facebook began allowing college students to add high school students as friends due to requests from users. About a month later, on March 28 2006, BusinessWeek reported that a potential acquisition of the site was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million, and it was rumored that the asking price was as high as $2 billion. In April, Peter Thiel, Greylock Partners, and Meritech Capital Partners invested an additional $25 million in the site. In May, Facebook's network extended into India, at Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). The following month Facebook threatened to seek costs of up to $100,000 from Quizsender.com for copyright infringement for allegedly copying the "look and feel" of Facebook. On July 25, new services were offered in the site that would potentially produce additional revenue. A promotion was arranged between Facebook and iTunes, in which members of the Apple Students group would receive a free 25 song sampler each week until September 30 in various music genres. The promotion's purpose was to make students more familiar with and enthusiastic about each service as fall classes approached. In the early half of August, Facebook added universities in Germany and high schools in Israel, (Haifa, Jerusalem, and Qiryat Gat) to its network. On the 22nd of that month, Facebook introduced Facebook Notes, a blogging feature with tagging, embedded images, and other features, also allowing the importation of blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services. This newly added feature also included the common blog feature of allowing readers to comment on users' entries. On September 11 2006, Facebook became open to all users of the Internet, prompting protest from its existing user base. Two weeks later, Facebook opened registration to anyone with a valid e-mail address.

2007

משרדיה הראשיים של פייסבוק בפאלו אלטו, קליפורניה

On May 10 2007, Facebook announced a plan to add free classified advertisements to its website, making it a competitor with established online companies such as Craigslist. This feature, known as Facebook Marketplace, went live on May 14 2007; Facebook launched an API that allows the development of applications to be used on the site, known as Facebook Platform.

In June, the partnership begun the previous year between iTunes and Facebook continued, with the download service again offering free music samplers through the Apple Students group.

In July, Facebook announced its first acquisition, purchasing Parakey, Inc. from Blake Ross and Joe Hewitt. In August, the company was featured in a Newsweek cover story by Steven Levy in the magazine's annual college edition. Facebook hired YouTube's former CFO Gideon Yu on July 24 2007. Gideon Yu succeeded Michael Sheridan.

In October Microsoft purchased a 1.6% share in the company for $240 million. An outright sale of Facebook is said to be unlikely as founder Mark Zuckerberg would like to keep it independent.תבנית:Fact

On November 7 2007, Facebook announced Facebook Ads; Facebook Beacon, a marketing initiative which includes a system for websites to allow users to share chosen information about their activities on the sites with their Facebook friends ; the capability of businesses to host pages on Facebook for various brands, products and services (Facebook Pages); a targeted ad serving program based on user and friend profile and activity data (Facebook Social Ads); and a service for providing businesses with advertisement analytic data including performance metrics (Facebook Insights). With respect to privacy, Facebook states that "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad," and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them". Facebook Ads replaces the site's previous Facebook Flyers program. On November 30 2007, it was reported that Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing had invested $60 million in Facebook.

On 5 December 2007, Mark Zuckerberg publicly apologized for the way that Facebook launched the Beacon system, saying "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends." Beacon can now be disabled through a new External websites section in Privacy.

2008

חברת המכירות "ComScore" השיקה גרסה חדשה לפייסבוק ב-22 בפברואר 2008. וב-11 בפברואר 2008 השיקה פייסבוק את הגרסה הספרדית של האתר.

Features

When Facebook launched, it included several features that still exist today on the website. They include the Wall, which is a space on each user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see[62], Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other,[63] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[64] and status, which allows users to inform their friends of their current whereabouts and actions.[65]

The Facebook Wall allows users to post messages on the profile of their friends.[66] A user's wall, dependent on privacy settings, is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the wall, whereas the wall was previously limited to textual content only.[67]

Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays, related to the user's friends.[68] Initially, the News Feed caused some dissatisfaction among Facebook users: some complained that the News Feed was too cluttered and was full of undesired information, while others were concerned that the News Feed made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (like changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[69] In response to this dissatisfaction, Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features.[70] Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends.[70] Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, wall posts, and newly added friends.[70]

One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[71] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared to other image hosting services, such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to uploading up to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for each individual album, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag" users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[72]

On February 8, 2007, Facebook launched Gifts, which allowed users to send virtual gifts to their friends and appeared on the recipient's profile. The gifts cost US$1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[73][74] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched the Marketplace application, allowing users to post free classified ads on the website.[75] The Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two online services is that listings posted by a user on Facebook Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone online